<p>Major John André Monument, also known as the Site of Major John Andrés Hanging and Burial, is a historic monument located at Tappan in Rockland County, New York; its only a few yards away from the New Jersey border. It is a gray granite monument erected in 1879 and approximately 40 inches square and 58 inches tall. It is located in a circular plot approximately 31 feet in diameter. It commemorates the site of the hanging of Major John André on October 2, 1780. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The monument was constructed in 1879 by millionaire Cyrus W. Field. It was dedicated on October 2, 1879. It was quite controversial when it was first constructed, and there were three attempts to destroy the monument:</p><br>
<p>On February 22, 1882, the monument was hacked and mutilated by George Hendrix, of New York City.</p><br>
<p>On March 30, 1882 at 11:35 PM, an explosion slightly damaged the monument.</p><br>
<p>On November 3, 1885 at 10:00 PM, an explosion destroyed the iron fence surrounding the monument and toppled the monument.</p><br>
<p>It was felt that a monument to a British spy was an insult to George Washington; for this reason, a bronze tablet was later added to commemorate the bravery of Washington and his generals during a crisis of the war.</p><br>
<p>After Cyrus Field&#39;s death, his heirs refused to pay the taxes of $6.38 on the property. George Dickey of Nyack bought the land in a tax auction in October 1895. Mr. Dickey sold the land to the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society for $250 on November 13, 1905. After the Society disbanded in 1983, the property was conveyed to Rockland County NY.</p><br>
<p>Major John Andre Monument, Tappan, NY - main view.jpg</p><br>
<h2>Inscription</h2><br>
<p>HERE DIED OCTOBER 2, 1780.</p><br>
<p>MAJOR JOHN ANDRE, OF THE BRITISH ARMY</p><br>
<p>WHO ENTERED THE AMERICAN LINES</p><br>
<p>ON A SECRET MISSION TO BENEDICT ARNOLD</p><br>
<p>FOR THE SURRENDER OF WEST POINT,</p><br>
<p>WAS TAKEN PRISONER TRIED AND CONDEMNED AS A SPY.</p><br>
<p>HIS DEATH</p><br>
<p>THOUGH ACCORDING TO THE STERN CODE OF WAR</p><br>
<p>MOVED EVEN HIS ENEMIES TO PITY,</p><br>
<p>AND BOTH ARMIES MOURNED THE FATE</p><br>
<p>OF ONE SO YOUNG AND BRAVE.</p><br>
<p>IN 1821 HIS REMAINS WERE REMOVED TO WESTMINSTER ABBEY,</p><br>
<p>A HUNDRED YEARS AFTER HIS EXECUTION.</p><br>
<p>THIS STONE WAS PLACED ABOVE THE SPOT WHERE HE LAY,</p><br>
<p>NOT TO PERPETUATE THE RECORD OF STRIFE</p><br>
<p>BUT IN TOKEN OF THOSE BETTER FEELINGS</p><br>
<p>WHICH HAVE SINCE UNITED THE NATIONS</p><br>
<p>ONE IN RACE, IN LANGUAGE AND IN RELIGION,</p><br>
<p>WITH THE EARNEST HOPE THAT THIS FRIENDLY UNION</p><br>
<p>WILL NEVER BE BROKEN.</p><br>
<p>Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Dean of Westminster</p><br>
<p>Brook Chapel is a historic chapel located at Hillburn in Rockland County, New York, USA. It was built in 1893 and is a light frame L-shaped, gable-roofed structure expanded to its current size in the first half of the 20th century. At the time of the expansion, it acquired its Gothic Revival style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>From 1907 until 1920, Rev. Byron Gunner served as the church pastor; and his wife Cicely Savery Gunner was involved with the Brook Chapel Sunday School and the Brook School.</p><br>
<p>The Lambert-Parent House is a historic house in the village of Union City, Ohio, United States. Built in 1881, it was initially the home of George Lambert, who founded multiple major businesses in Union City and participated in the automobile manufacturing firm founded by his brother John. Built of brick on a stone foundation and topped with a slate roof, it is a fine example of the Italianate style of architecture and one of the most prominent structures in Union City. Among its most distinctive architectural elements are its ornate cornices and its tall, narrow windows.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places both because of its well-preserved architecture and its connection to George Lambert. The name "Lambert-Parent" is derived from its builder and from the Parent family, who were business associates and his relatives by marriage.</p><br>
<p>The Terre Haute Post Office and Federal Building is a historic structure in Terre Haute, Indiana.</p><br>
<p>The first post office and federal building at this site opened in 1887. When this building was demolished in 1933, work began on the current structure. (The columns and pediment from the first post office now make up part of the Chauncey Rose Memorial in Terre Haute&#39;s Fairbanks Park.) The current building was funded as Public Work Project under the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.</p><br>
<p>The three-story Art Deco-style post office was built 1934 to the designs of Terre Hautebased architects Miller & Yeager for the cost of around $450,000. Completed on December 1, 1934, the building opened to the public in 1935. It originally was home to the post office, the Social Security Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service and the federal court. The federal courtroom features a mural by Frederick Webb Ross titled "The Signing of the Magna Carta."</p><br>
<p>The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the GSA turned over the facility to Indiana State; following a $30-million dollar, multi-year renovation; the building became the new home of the Indiana State University Scott College of Business. The first classes were held during the Fall 2012 semester.</p><br>
<p>The Lakeport Carnegie Library is a Carnegie library located near the shore of Clear Lake in Lakeport, California.</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1918 in the Classical Revival type of architecture, it had been given an $8000 grant for its construction after local organizations like the Ladies&#39; Improvement Club lobbied philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. In 1985 the library outgrew the building and moved to another location. The building was temporarily vacant, but now houses scientists from UC Davis who are conducting research on Clear Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Contoocook Railroad Bridge is a covered bridge on the former Contoocook Valley  Railroad line spanning the Contoocook River in the center of the village of Contoocook, New Hampshire, United States. It is referred to in the National Register of Historic Places as the Hopkinton Railroad Covered Bridge, for the town of Hopkinton, New Hampshire, in which the village of Contoocook is located.</p><br>
<p>Built in the 19th century, it is the oldest extant covered railroad bridge in the United States and served rail traffic until 1960. It was used as a warehouse until 1989, then became public property, and has been preserved by the state, donations, and volunteers, in association with the nearby historic railroad depot.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally built between 1849–50, the bridge was substantially re-built in 1889 to replace the lighter covered railroad bridge. Having been built by the former Concord and Claremont Railroad (acquired by the Boston & Maine Railroad in 1887), the bridge is the oldest of four surviving double-web Town lattice railroad bridges, and is the oldest extant covered railroad bridge in the United States. (The others double Towns are Pier Bridge, Newport, New Hampshire, 1907; Wright&#39;s Bridge, Newport, NH, 1906; and Fisher Bridge, Wolcott, Vermont, 1908.) The re-built bridge was probably designed by Boston & Maine Railroad engineer Jonathan Parker Snow (1848–1933) and built by carpenter David Hazelton (1832–1908). Under Snow, the Boston & Maine utilized wooden bridges on its branch lines longer than any other major railroad, the last of these constructed in 1916. The nearby Contoocook Railroad Depot was built in 1850 on the earlier Concord & Claremont Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The bridge presents the clearest, most original structure of its type, as the others incorporate significant structural modifications. The main trusses are double Town lattice and are continuous over a central pier to form two spans of approximately 71 ft each. It has reportedly been said that they were "built by the mile and cut off by the yard." The center pier is skewed to match the river flow, as are the abutments. This is because the bridge spans the river on a bias.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was in use as a railroad bridge until 1962, survived a flood in 1936, a hurricane in 1938, and was moved off its foundations twice during its lifespan and saved from being completely washed down river by the rail tracks running through it. Following its railroad service, it functioned as a warehouse between 1962 and 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Renovations</h2><br>
<p>Article published in The Old Stone Wall, Fall 2003, distributed by the State of New Hampshire, Division of Cultural Resources, Division of Historical Resources:</p><br>
<p>Major work began in August on the state-owned Contoocook Covered Railroad Bridge. The National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges has employed Tim Andrews, proprietor of Barns and Bridges of New England, to lift the four sagging corners of the bridge and replace decayed bed timbers. The Society is donating the cost of Andrews work from its Eastman Thomas Fund. The span is under the administrative care of the Division of Historical Resources, which has no capital budget for its maintenance. Over the past decade, the National Society has donated repairs to the side sheathing and flat metal roof of the bridge, purchased fire retardant chemicals for the wooden span, and provided countless hours of volunteer labor in maintaining the bridge. For the current building campaign, Tim Andrews has brought heavy steel I-beams (lent by the New Hampshire Department of Transportation) from his last job, the award-winning restoration of the Bog Covered Bridge in Andover. Andrews also hopes to straighten some of the kinks that the bridge acquired when it was tipped off its abutments in the flood of 1936 and again in the hurricane of 1938. Contoocook Bridge is one of three surviving covered bridges on the Concord and Claremont rail line. Two others, in western Newport, are also state-owned, but are administered as trail crossings by the Department of Resources and Economic Development (DRED). Together, the three remaining Concord and Claremont Branch bridges are among the most remarkable of the eight covered railroad bridges that survive in the world. The 1889 Contoocook Bridge is the oldest of the eight; Pier Bridge (1907) in Newport is the longest; and Wrights Bridge (1906) in Newport is the only surviving double Town lattice truss railroad bridge with integral laminated wood plank arches. Recognizing this rarity, the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) selected Contoocook Bridge and its sister span, Wright&#39;s Bridge, for detailed study and recordation this summer. After it ceased to serve rail traffic in 1960, the Contoocook Bridge was owned by a succession of private individuals. The bridge became the property of the Town of Hopkinton (Contoocook is a village in Hopkinton) in 1989. Not wanting to own and maintain the span, Hopkinton offered the bridge to the State of New Hampshire. Governor Judd Gregg and the executive council accepted the gift in 1990. Under state law, the Division of Historical Resources becomes administratively responsible for any historic covered bridge that is donated to the state by a municipality. Without a capital budget, DHR has depended almost entirely on the National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges for financial help in maintaining the bridge. DHR has also partnered with the Contoocook Riverway Association, which owns the nearby Contoocook Railroad Depot (1850). Together, the Association and DHR have won a Transportation Enhancement grant for restoration of the bridge and the railroad station. Once the bridge is securely underpinned, DHR will combine Transportation Enhancement grant funds and Conservation License Plate ("Moose Plate") revenues to install a fire sprinkler system in the bridge, paint the exterior using an authentic Boston and Maine Railroad paint formula, and install interpretive signage and interior security lighting.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 the bridge saw minor structural repairs to its bottom chord at the upstream north corner, the bolsters were replaced for the first time since the hurricane of 1938, and the bed timbers were replaced by granite pedestals. The work was paid for by a donation from the National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges.</p><br>
<p>The bridge underwent slight alterations being completed mid-winter 2009-2010 which consisted of a dry-head, open pipe sprinkler system for the bridge interior with exterior fire department connection, including linear heat detectors, fire alarm system, fire retardant coating and LED motion sensor lighting inside the bridge at an approximate cost of $123,300 paid for and engineered by the New Hampshire Department of Transportation.</p><br>
<p>In April 2019, bridge work to stain the bridge and make minor repairs took place. The project was funded by the states "Moose Plate" grant program. Volunteers from the towns 250th anniversary committee as well as the Contoocook Riverway Association had dedicated time and efforts to see the project through.</p><br>
<p>Contoocook NH circa 1870.jpgOriginal covered railroad bridge (left) and covered highway bridge (right)</p><br>
<p>Contoocook Railroad Bridge NH-38-1.jpgHAER exterior view by Jet Lowe, 2003</p><br>
<p>Contoocook Railroad Bridge NH-38-5.jpgHAER interior view by Jet Lowe, 2003</p><br>
<p>Norman Bird Sanctuary is a 325 acre bird sanctuary, nature preserve, environmental education center, and museum at 583 Third Beach Road in Middletown, Rhode Island overlooking the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>In 1949, the Norman Bird Sanctuary was founded through a bequest in the will of Mabel Norman Cerio. The Sanctuary comprises the largest area of preserved open space in Newport County. There are 325 acres and 7 miles of hiking trails. The refuge contains hay fields, woodlands and ridges overlooking the ocean and ponds. Hanging Rock, a prominent local landmark, is located within the sanctuary overlooking the ocean. There is also a Visitor Center and gift shop, and a 19th-century barn museum featuring displays about the wildlife for children and adults.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property of the Norman Bird Sanctuary has an agricultural history dating to the early 18th century, when a large tract of land was purchased by Isaac Smith, a descendant of one of the area&#39;s first settlers. The main farmhouse on the property is a typical Colonial-era farmhouse, five bays wide with a large central chimney, and dates to about 1755. The property, then 200 acre, was auctioned to pay debts in 1782; the purchaser was Benjamin Gardiner. In 1898 George Norman, a Newport businessman, purchased the farm, then reduced to about 129 acre, and it was his daughter Mabel who modernized the house and gave it a more Colonial Revival appearance. This core portion of the sanctuary was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Ackerman House is a historic stone house located at 136 Chestnut Ridge Road in the borough of Saddle River in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1811 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission  and the Saddle River MPS.</p><br>
<p>In 1797, Catherina Ackerman bought 77 acre here in order to build a house for her son Abraham P. Ackerman. The one and one-half story house was built by 1802. The kitchen wing was added later. His son, William Ackerman was living here in 1861 and added the frame wing behind the kitchen. His son, Abraham W. Ackerman built the mansard roof around 1875–1876.</p><br>
<p>The Van Houten–Ackerman House is a historic stone house located at 1150 Franklin Lake Road in the borough of Franklin Lakes in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1768 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>In 1737 Roelef Van Houten purchased 200 acre and deeded it to Jacob Van Houten Jr. in 1761. The house was purchased by John Ackerman in 1854.</p><br>
<p>The Van Voorhees–Quackenbush House, also known as the Zabriskie House, is a historic stone house located at 421 Franklin Avenue in the township of Wyckoff in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The oldest section was built around 1740 by William Van Voorhees and enlarged in 1824 by Albert Van Voorhees. The original section of the house is now the dining room and part of the kitchen. The home was purchased in 1867 by Uriah Quackenbush. His granddaughter Grace Quackenbush Zabriskie bequeathed the home to the township in 1973. It was documented as the Albert Van Voorhis House by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1937. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The Van Voorhis–Quackenbush House is a historic stone house located at 625 Wyckoff Avenue in the township of Wyckoff in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1784 by John A. Van Voorhis. It was documented as the Corines Quackenbush House by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1941. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 1984, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The house passed from John A. Van Voorhis to his son John Van Voorhis Jr. in 1831. Corines Quackenbush bought the property in 1840. It remained in the Quackenbush family unitl 1920. It was sold to the M. M. Freeman & Company in 1933 and used as a tavern, the Brownstone Inn.</p><br>
<p>The Tallman–Vanderbeck House is a historic stone house located at 639 Piermont Road in the borough of Closter in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It was built sometime before 1778, likely by Cornelius Tallman. In the mid 19th century, Mrs. Vanderbeck operated it as an inn or stage coach stop, known as the Lone Star. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The Vanderbeck House is located at 249 Prospect Street in the village of Ridgewood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was built around 1790, based on architectural evidence, by a member of the Vanderbeck family. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The Harvey H. Cluff house is a house in central Provo, Utah, United States, built in 1877 that is on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally owned by Harvey H. Cluff.</p><br>
<h2>Harvey Harris Cluff House * 184 North 100 East * Provo, Utah</h2><br>
<p>The Harvey Harris Cluff House was built in 1877 by John Watkins of Midway, Utah, an architect and builder of that era and friend of Cluff. Inspired by the Greek Revival movement of the early 1800s, this type of architecture is often called a “temple-form” house because early examples had a colossal temple front. The Harvey Harris Cluff House was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on May 22, 1996.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>The temple form is often referred to as being part of Greek revival architecture, however when it expanded to Utah it had some Gothic Revival attributes. Features of gothic architecture included in this form as apparent in Utah are: A steeper pitch to the roof, wall dormers, finials, bargeboards, and frame bay windows. There have been approximately six Gothic temple-form houses recorded in Utah, and this home stands as a historical representative of this style.</p><br>
<h3>Harvey Harris Cluff</h3><br>
<p>Born in 1836 to David & Elizabeth (Betsy) Hall Cluff in Kirkland, Ohio, Harvey Harris Cluff and his family settled in Provo, Utah in the year 1850. In the late 1850s, Cluff and his brothers built a furniture factory. Later, due to the experience he had gained at the factory, he was charged to be superintendent of the construction of important historical buildings such as the Provo Tabernacle and the Academy Building of Brigham Young Academy. Cluff also had the opportunity to serve as president of the company which published the local newspaper, The Enquirer, to serve as a director of the First National Bank in Provo, and to serve as President of the Provo Foundry and Machine Company.</p><br>
<p>Also highly participatory in community affairs, Harvey Harris Cluff served in the city council. An important leader within the Mormon faith, he held numerous leadership responsibilities, such as a counselor in the Utah Stake Presidency, the bishop of the Provo Fourth Ward, and a mission president of the Sandwich Islands. Cluff relocated to Salt Lake City in about 1915, after which he sold his home to a man by the name of W. Ray Ashworth, a carpenter. The Ashworth family retained the home until 1974, when the title passed to Willard C. Nelson.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Grove Farm Sugar Plantation Museum preserved original steam locomotives from the earliest days of rail transport in Kauai, restoring the small-gauge engines without much notice beyond the local community. The museum acquired property where historic right-of-ways had run, and found, in the thick vegetation, track beds ready for restoration, allowing the Museum to display their authentic, working locomotives.</p><br>
<p>The second heritage railway in Kauai is the Kauai Plantation Railway at Kilohana. Unlike the Grove Farm Museum trains, which are brought out only once a month, the Kauai Plantation Railway is a daily fee-based attraction.</p><br>
<h2>Context of Kauai’s railroading origins</h2><br>
<p>Sugarcane plantations in Hawaii led to the introduction of railways to Hawaii. Rail transport in Hawaii began in the late 19th century when small-gauge locomotives were brought in to replace oxen or horses to haul harvested sugarcane from the fields to mills, and then to transport the raw sugar to docks for shipment to refineries in California.</p><br>
<p>Hawaiis first commercial sugar plantation was created in Koloa, Kauai in 1835, and sugar rapidly grew to dominate Kauais economy—and the economy of the Hawaiian archipelago—through the 19th and 20th centuries; railways were but one of several innovations introduced to Kauai to increase efficiency and capitalize on available resources during the 19th century. For example, steam plows were used by around the middle of the century, and abundant electricity was generated from mountain streams both to power mills and illuminate the fields for 24-hour shifts as early as 1885. Kauai&#39;s early leadership in rail transport in Hawaii is consistent with this tradition of innovation.</p><br>
<h3>Hawaii’s first railways</h3><br>
<p>Railways were under construction in both Kauai and on Hawaii island at about the same time in 1881.</p><br>
<h4>Kauai&#39;s first railway</h4><br>
<p>In Kauai, the Kilauea Sugar Plantation purchased a steam locomotive from Germany and created narrow gauge tracks through the sugarcane fields. The first spike in this track was driven by Princess Liliuokalani, then Regent and soon to assume the throne as last Queen of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She had arrived the day before, disembarking at Hanalei, a nearby port, and was invited to the September 24 ceremonial opening at the site of what is now the town of Kilauea. The assembled dignitaries included Governor Paul P. Kanoe and the Plantation Manager, Robert A. Macfie, Jr. This is often credited as Hawaii&#39;s first railway.</p><br>
<p>While field railways ran on “literally little more than panels of snap-track laid and re-laid across the fields as the seasonal cutting progressed,” more permanent right-of-ways were soon established to provide freight and passenger service from mills to ports, where raw sugar was packed aboard ocean-going ships bound for California refineries. An engineer, sent to Kauai from Honolulu in 1898, took the train from Waimea, on the coast, to the Kilauea Plantation&#39;s Kekaha mill, situated in the midst of the cane fields, and he described the trip:</p><br>
<p>The railroad is a cute affair, only 30 inch gauge—cars mostly flat for hauling cane and sugar in bags….All cars are no more than 4 feet wide….Engines… are regular toys—they weigh about eight tons…. bowled over the four miles of toy railroad to the headquarters of the Plantation….They have engineer only—no fireman—no breakman. No breaks on cars.</p><br>
<h4>First railway on the Big Island</h4><br>
<p>On Hawaii island (known as the Big Island), a larger railway was also under construction, with the first tracks being laid in March 1881 in Māhukona, North Kohala; its official charter of Incorporation under the name of The Hawaiian Railroad Company was granted in July 1880. The Hawaiian Gazette reported that 12 mi of track had been laid in September 1881, but its unofficial opening was in March 1882.</p><br>
<p>The New York Times, however, reported that the first steam railway was to be built on the Big Island in 1899, which may be a misunderstanding based on financial reorganization of the existing railways.</p><br>
<h4>Initial railways in Oahu and Maui</h4><br>
<p>The Hawaiian Gazette, in the same 1882 issue that it mentions the initial freight hauling by steam on the Big Island, also states that on Maui, the “Kahului railroad has met all the requirements for transporting freight.”</p><br>
<p>Although one source claims that Oahu did not enter the railway age until 1889,</p><br>
<h2>Grove Farm Plantation</h2><br>
<p>The preservation of steam locomotives on Kauai is largely due to the Grove Farm Sugar Plantation Museum, led by Mabel and Elsie Wilcox, nieces of George Norton Wilcox, who bought Grove Farm Plantation in 1864.</p><br>
<p>The sisters fought to preserve the trains when the Koloa Plantation was taken over by Grove Farm Plantation in 1947 and later when the trains were taken out of service in the late 1950s.</p><br>
<p>When Mabel Wilcox turned the Plantation she had inherited into the Grove Farm Museum in the 1970s, the four gauge locomotives were given to the museum. When she died in 1978, her estate included an endowment for the operations of the Museum, including the locomotives. They are currently listed in the National Register of Historic Places as Grove Farm Company Locomotives. The collection includes four locomotives, all of which saw extensive service on Kauai.</p><br>
<h3>Paulo</h3><br>
<p>Pride of place in the Grove Farm Museum locomotive collection is one of the earliest steam locomotives in Kauai, an 1887 Hohenzollern steam engine built in Düsseldorf, Germany for the Koloa Plantation for $4,000, which arrived in 1888. This engine is also notable because it is today the oldest steam locomotive in the state of Hawaii currently being run on rails; it pre-dates all steam locomotives in the State, in any condition, except for two: one is a gauge Baldwin Locomotive from 1883 that is said to be buried in a sand dune in Puunene, on the island of Maui; the other is the Claus Spreckels, dating from 1882, originally a coal-fired engine later converted to oil, which is in storage in Maui in operational condition.</p><br>
<p>At one time, it was thought the first locomotive on Kauai was this 1887 engine. He returned to his native Germany in 1878, leaving his brother Carl to assume his responsibilities at Lihue Plantation. Paul remained active in the business, however, and arranged for the immigration of 124 people from Germany to Kauai. The Paulo engine was shipped from Germany in 1887 to Koloa Plantation. Carl Isenberg started the Lihue Plantation Railway in 1891.</p><br>
<p>The Paulo engine remained in active service hauling cane until 1920, when it was retired and put on display by the Koloa Sugar Plantation. Grove Farm Plantation bought the Koloa Sugar Plantation in 1947, and Paulo became property of Grove Farm.</p><br>
<p>The Grove Farm Museum locomotives are displayed at the Lihue Plantation Sugar Mill site and run on a revived section of the Lihue Plantation Railroad once a month</p><br>
<p>such as Ohana Day (‘ohana’ translates as ‘family’) in 2010 with the opening of the Kauai Museum exhibition, ‘The Industrial Revolution on Kaua‘i: Steam Power and Other Innovations’. In addition, the museum reconstructed a flat car and a cane car, and has two replicas with benches for passengers.</p><br>
<h3>Wainiha</h3><br>
<p>The Wainiha, a 1915 locomotive from the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, was originally owned by the McBryde Plantation, and was sold to the Lihue Plantation in 1932. The McBride Plantation introduced two electric locomotives to its operations prior to 1899, when it added two steam engines. Grove Farm Company acquired the Wainiha, named for a stream and valley on Kauai&#39;s north shore, in 1957, and it was the last steam locomotive in service for the sugar industry in Hawaii. It is operational, having been restored in 1975. In 2000, the Wainiha was used in filming a World War II drama, To End All Wars, to portray a Japanese train transporting British prisoners of war. The Paulo engine also was in the film.</p><br>
<h3>Wahiawa</h3><br>
<p>The Wahiawa, also from Baldwin, was designed primarily to pull a passenger train in 1921 for the Kauai Railway Company. Its name was originally Port Allen, after the harbor on the western shore of Kauai and the terminus of that rail line. The engine passed through the hands of the McBryde Sugar Company in 1938 when it acquired its present name, after a stream in west Kauai, and in 1947 was sold to Grove Farm Company. Restoration of this engine is on-going as funds allow.</p><br>
<h3>Kaipu</h3><br>
<p>The Kaipu, a 1925 engine, also from Baldwin, was one of the last locomotives built for the Hawaiian sugarcane industry. in 1941 when acquired by Grove Farm. This unusual engine has a steel cab, with driving wheels smaller than the other Kauai Baldwins, and external counterweights with main rods connected to the rear drivers. It was retired in 1953, restored in 1983, and is operational.</p><br>
<h3>Historic Right-of-Ways</h3><br>
<p>In 2004, Grove Farm Museum locomotives began rolling on a short stretch of historic, gauge Lihue Plantation Railroad right-of-way from the Lihue sugar mill to Grove Farm Plantation, along Haleko Road, near the center of modern Lihue. Haleko Road was originally known as Halekoa, or “house of cane” Road.</p><br>
<p>This right-of-way was unknown when the Grove Farm Museum purchased 7 acre from Lihue Plantation Company and another 15 acre from William Hyde Rice Ltd. to provide a buffer from development in the area. Only later did the Grove Farm Museum officials discover that the right-of-way for the Lihue Plantation passed through the newly purchased plot, and restored the disused track bed.</p><br>
<h2>Kauai Plantation Railway</h2><br>
<p>The Kauai Plantation Railway opened for business in January 2007 as “the first new railroad to be built in Hawaii in 100 years.” Indirectly, both the Grove Farm and Kauai Plantation heritage railways share common ancestry. Kauai Plantation Railway offers a tour of Kilohana, the former estate of Gaylord Parke Wilcox (1881–1970), manager of Grove Farm Plantation. His sister, Mabel Wilcox, heir to much of the Wilcox fortune, created Grove Farm Museum from her former family homestead nearby.</p><br>
<p>They were grandchildren of missionary Abner Wilcox (1808–1869), with the fortune grown by their uncles George Norton Wilcox (1839–1933) and Albert Spencer Wilcox (1844–1919).</p><br>
<h3>Vintage elements in a modern reconstruction</h3><br>
<p>The Kauai Plantation Railway follows a 3 mi loop through agricultural displays on the historic Kilohana estate and plantation. The Kauai Plantation Railway was designed by Boone Morrison, a historic restoration architect. Its rolling stock is new, but carefully modeled after passenger cars of 1880s trains that operated on the Big Island of Hawaii. The railway has both enclosed coaches and a coach with open sides. The coaches sit on six 35 ft flatcars originally built in 1941 at Pearl Harbor by the USA Navy, which were then used by the Oahu Railway and Land Company and afterwards sold to White Pass and Yukon Route in Alaska.</p><br>
<p>The original plan for the railway called for steam engines to pull the coaches, with diesel engines in reserve. The railway opened under the power of a 1948 diesel-electric end-cab two-axle General Electric locomotive, however, with a 1939 two-axle Whitcomb diesel-mechanical locomotive providing backup. Steam locomotives are scheduled to take over from the diesel engines when renovation of a pair of Baldwin outside-frame 0-6-2 tank engines is complete. These steam engines had originally worked at the Honolulu Plantation Company on Oahu prior to World War II. They were purchased for the Kauai Plantation Railway from a company in the Philippines where they had been in service until 2001.</p><br>
<p>The trains run on rails salvaged from a Soo Line Railroad branch in North Dakota.</p><br>
<p>The Kauai Plantation Railway is gauge, which has no historical precedent in Kauai; most of the previous railways were smaller gauge. The route passes a 16,000 ft&sup2; estate home built in 1935 for Gaylord Wilcox. In more recent times, the 105 acre Kilohana Plantation, has been devoted to preserving the islands plantation-era heritage and interpreting it for both locals and tourists. The Kauai Plantation Railway is an outgrowth of this activity, which included horse-drawn carriage rides on the estate. The train passes plots leased by farmers who grow a wide variety of crops, from the culturally important taro to pineapple, papaya, rambutan, tropical hardwood trees, tobacco, and coffee, a more recent cash crop in Kauai. The idea is to show the future of Kauais agricultural industry in its rich historic and cultural context.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 21&deg;58&prime;15&Prime;N latitude, 159&deg;23&prime;29&Prime;W longitude, just off Route 50.</p><br>
<h2>End of an era</h2><br>
<p>Over 200 mi of mostly gauge track existed in 1915 in Kauai. Today, even the trucks are gone, and the last sugar plantation on Kauai, Gay & Robinson, processed its last crop in October 2009.</p><br>
<p>The monument at the William Penn Landing Site in Chester, Pennsylvania marks the spot of the first landing of William Penn on the territory of Pennsylvania, on October 28 or 29, 1682 . Penn, the founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, landed in the only town in the province, then known as Upland.</p><br>
<p>The monument at the site was designed by John Struthers, erected on November 8 and dedicated November 9, 1882 (N.S.) The landing site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Founding of Pennsylvania</h2><br>
<p>After receiving the charter for the Province of Pennsylvania on March 4, 1681 from King Charles II of England, Penn appointed William Markham as Deputy Governor on April 10, 1681. Markham proceeded to New York, which had exercised nominal control of the area of Pennsylvania since 1676, where he presented his credentials. On August 3, 1681, Markham arrived in Upland, the only town in the province. About 500 Europeans lived in the province at that time, mostly in the present day counties of Delaware and Chester centered around Upland. Swedish and Dutch settlers had lived in the area since the 1630s, and Quakers had moved there from West Jersey starting about 1675. What little government there was, had been provided by the Upland Court under the laws of James, Duke of York, nominally supervised by the Governor of New York. The Upland Court exercised judicial, legislative, and executive authority.</p><br>
<p>Markham appointed judges to the court and members to a council. He also met with Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore in Upland, who informed him that the Pennsylvania-Maryland border was about 12 miles north. Markham apparently informed Penn of the border dispute. Penn then arranged to receive deeds from the Duke of York to the "three lower counties" which now comprise the state of Delaware, thus strengthening his claims further north on the Delaware River.</p><br>
<p>Penn sailed aboard the ship Welcome from Deal, Kent on the English Channel on August 30, 1682 and first landed in America on October 27, 1682 at New Castle, Delaware. In New Castle he performed the ancient "turf and twig" ceremony known as the livery of seisin to take possession of New Castle County. Within two days he arrived at Upland, about 18 miles north on the Delaware River.</p><br>
<p>According to Smith, immediately after arriving in Upland, Penn asked a companion from Chester in England to rename the town, and he promptly renamed it Chester. Penn landed near the log house of Robert Wade, which was also used as the first Quaker meetinghouse in the area, and spent the night in the house. Wade, in 1675, had bought the property which had been owned by the daughter of the governor of New Sweden, Johan Printz. Quaker minister William Edmundson had mentioned the house in his journal in 1676.</p><br>
<h2>Monument</h2><br>
<p>The granite monument stands about five feet tall and has Penn&#39;s coat of arms on the side facing inland. The monument was paid for by members of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the Penn Club to mark the 200th anniversary of the landing. A special train was run from Philadelphia to Chester for the occasion, and the dedication was celebrated at length. The site is now about 100 feet inland, with railroad tracks separating it from the Delaware River in an industrial section of Chester, just south of Chester Creek.</p><br>
<p>Nevada City Firehouse No. 2 is a historic firehouse located at 420 Broad Street in Nevada City, California. Built in 1860–61, the firehouse was the first built in Nevada City. At the time, Nevada City had two factions competing for public funds for a firehouse: the Broad Street fire company and a group based on Main Street. While the Main Street company officially organized a day before the Broad Street company, the Broad Street firehouse had more private funding and was completed first, and hence Firehouse No. 2 became the first in the city. The firehouse features a two-story portico in front and a Greek Revival cornice.</p><br>
<p>The firehouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 3, 1974. It is now operated by the Nevada County Historical Society as a museum of local history.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Fire House No. 2 (Nevada City, CA).jpgThe firehouse as it appeared in 1936.</p><br>
<p>Nevada City Firehouse Number Two-3.jpgThe firehouse in 2012</p><br>
<p>NevadaCityCA95959b.jpgNevada City Firehouse No. 1 is a similarly built building</p><br>
<p>The Archibald–Vroom House is located at 160 East Ridgewood Avenue in the village of Ridgewood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 1984, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission . Dr. William L. Vroom, a renowned physician, converted the house into a small hospital in 1888. The house is now used as a retail site.</p><br>
<p>The John G. Benson House is located at 60 Grand Avenue in the city of Englewood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built around 1800 by farmer and former militia captain John G. Benson. According to the nomination form, architectural evidence suggests that it was built from around 1810 to 1820.</p><br>
<p>The Blanch–Haring House is located at 341 Lafayette Road in the borough of Harrington Park in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the house was likely built after the American Revolutionary War and features Federal architecture. A frame wing was added in 1967. Richard Blanch bought a tract of land here from Isaac Blauvelt around 1745–1747. His son, Isaac Blanch, inherited the property in 1767. He sold it to David Haring in 1778. Rachel Haring married Peter A. Demarest in 1850 and were living here in 1861.</p><br>
<p>The Blauvelt House is located at 622 Lafayette Road in the borough of Harrington Park in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the house was built by a member of the Blauvelt family in 1800, supported by architectural evidence. Two other houses listed on the NRHP in Bergen County have similar names: the Blauvelt House at 54 Tappan Road in Norwood, and the Blauvelt–Demarest House at 230 Broadway in Hillsdale.</p><br>
<p>The William De Clark House, also known as Breisacher Farms, is a historic farmhouse located at 145 Piermont Road in the borough of Closter in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It was built around 1810 and was documented as the De Clerque Farm Group by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1937. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The one and one-half story stone house was built around 1810 by William De Clark, also spelled De Clerque. The farm was bought by Elisha Ruckman in 1867. It was later owned by Mrs. Marie Breisacher.</p><br>
<p>Demarest House is located in River Edge, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Demarest House Museum is a two-room sandstone cottage that was built in 1794 for miller John Paulson at the time of his marriage to Altie Ely. The stove chimney in east room is a technological advance over fireplaces. The house was moved from original site beside French Burial Ground in New Milford in 1955–56 to River Edge, New Jersey, about one mile southwest. It is owned by the Blauvelt-Demarest Foundation, which restored the house in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Demarest House Museum, the Campbell-Christie House and the Thomas-Westervelt Barn are on the Bergen County Historical Society&#39;s property at Historic New Bridge Landing. The Steuben House is a state-historic site on one acre at Historic New Bridge Landing.</p><br>
<p>The Demarest–Bloomer–Hart House, also known as the Demarest–Bloomer House, is located at 147 River Edge Avenue in the borough of New Milford in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic Greek Revival house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1985, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the two and one-half story frame house was built around 1800 by a member of the Demarest family. The front facade is brick laid in Flemish bond. In 1864, George C. Demarest sold the house to George Bloomer. In 1934, the house was sold to Harry C. Homburg. In 1946, it was sold to F. Bruce Hart.</p><br>
<p>The Eckerson House is a historic stone house located at 280 Chestnut Ridge Road in the borough of Montvale in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The oldest section of the house dates to 1796, with an addition in 1799, and a second story in 1890. It was documented as the Abram G. Eckerson House by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1937. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The Hopper–Goetschius House is located at 363 East Saddle River Road in the borough of Upper Saddle River in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The house was built around 1739 by Abraham Hopper and sold to Rev. Stephen Goetschius in 1814. It remained in the Goetschius family until 1985 when the house was given to the borough of Upper Saddle River. The Upper Saddle River Historical Society now uses the house as a museum.</p><br>
<p>Ramsey-Sayer House, Upper Saddle River, NJ.jpgRamsey–Sayer House on site</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Spring Valley, New York, is located on North Madison Street. It is a brick building from the mid-1930s that serves the ZIP Code 10977, covering the village of Spring Valley.</p><br>
<p>Its Colonial Revival design, unique to Spring Valley among post offices in New York, emphasizes the Greek Revival precedents of the style. Its interior, like many other post offices built during the New Deal, features public art, in this case a mural. In 1989 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with many other post offices in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The post office is located on the west side of North Madison Avenue between Church and Commerce streets, one block west of North Main Street (New York State Route 45) in downtown Spring Valley. The area is heavily developed, with many parking lots and commercial buildings. A few churches and houses are scattered among them. The terrain slopes slightly down to the east, into the valley of a small tributary of Pascack Brook.</p><br>
<p>A row of mature trees rises along the rear of the property. To the south is the post office&#39;s parking lot, complementing a municipal lot across the street. The small lot on the Church Street corner is undeveloped and open.</p><br>
<p>The building itself has two sections. The main block is a one-story five-by-five-bay steel frame structure on a low stone foundation with water table. It is faced in red brick laid in common bond. The central three bays are topped with a shallow-pitched gabled roof. A covered loading dock extends west from the southwest corner of that side.</p><br>
<p>On the eastern (front) facade, the three bays under the gable form a slightly projecting pavilion. The main entrance is located in a slightly recessed round-arched entryway. Flanking it are similarly-shaped windows, consisting of paired four-over-four double-hung sash topped by a transom with radiating sash. Four brick pilasters with simple stone capitals divide the bays and mark the corners. They support a wooden frieze, with "United States Post Office Spring Valley New York 10977" spelled in affixed metal letters, below the pediment.</p><br>
<p>The two wings have flat roofs pierced by brick chimneys topped with steel air handlers. On the front they have one six-over-six window. The west (rear) facade echoes the front with three large sash windows.</p><br>
<p>Stone steps on a brick base, flanked by a wheelchair ramp on the north, lead up to the main entrance. They are accompanied by the original wrought iron railings and one original lamppost, slightly modified. The main entrance is surrounded by elaborate wooden decoration, with flanking half-pilasters and sidelights rising past a recessed paneled frieze to an entablature with triglyphs. A semicircular transom with radiating muntins, slightly different from those on the flanking windows, surmounts the entrance.</p><br>
<p>Modern aluminum doors open into a wooden vestibule at the center of one arm of an L-shaped lobby covering all but the northern bay of the front. That arm is floored in terrazzo, with the south arm in vinyl. A gray marble dado runs around the wall, and pilasters mark the corners. A molded cornice on the wall marks the plaster ceiling where modern fluorescent lights have replaced the original fixtures. There is also an original wooden cornice over the teller windows, which have been widened and surrounded with blue Formica.</p><br>
<p>Above the door to the postmaster&#39;s office in the northeastern corner of the building is a mural, Waiting for the Mail, by Stephen Etnier. Its three panels depict the wing of an airplane, a man waiting against a fence, and the bow of a ship. It was restored in the mid-1980s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Spring Valley&#39;s first post office was established in 1848, seven years after local farmers persuaded the New York and Erie Railroad to build a stop where a farm road (now North Main Street) crossed the tracks. The settlement grew rapidly due to the rail connection to New York City and incorporated as a village in 1902.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, Congress authorized 136 new post offices and extensions to existing ones in New York as part of an amendment to the Public Buildings Act it had passed five years earlier. The construction was meant to offer relief with the worsening of the Great Depression. Spring Valley&#39;s would not begin construction for another five years, in 1936. The site was purchased from a local lumber company that year. Construction began later that year, and the building opened in 1937.</p><br>
<p>Its Colonial Revival design, by Treasury Department Supervising Architect Louis A. Simon, is unique to Spring Valley among the many Colonial Revival post offices in the state, many of which use variations on a basic design. Other post offices in the state, such as Fredonia, Massena and Warsaw, use a projecting three-bay central pavilion with arched windows flanked by single-bay flat-roofed wings. Only Spring Valley&#39;s emphasizes the Greek Revival precedents of the style with the pilasters and pediment. Another architect, Jackson Flournoy, used them on his post office in the Queens neighborhood of Jackson Heights, also listed on the Register.</p><br>
<p>Etnier&#39;s mural, meant to show how mail could and did reach even the most isolated people and linked the world, was added in 1938. Later renovations enlarged the lobby teller windows and added modern lighting. There have been no other significant changes to the building.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Pearl River, New York, is located at the junction of Franklin and Main streets in the hamlet&#39;s downtown. It is a brick building from the mid-1930s, serving the ZIP Code 10965, which covers the hamlet of Pearl River.</p><br>
<p>Its design, an application of the Colonial Revival architectural style commonly used for post offices of that era, is unique to it. It shows a strong modernist influence, with almost no ornament on its exterior, and no public art inside.</p><br>
<p>In 1988 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places with many other contemporary post offices in the state, including four others in Rockland County. Congress renamed the building the Heinz Ahlmeyer, Jr. Post Office Building in 2005, in honor of a local soldier missing in action and presumed dead during the Vietnam War until that year, when his remains were identified.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The post office is located on the west side of Main Street, just south of its junction with Franklin Street on the east. It is oriented east-west, with its north (front) elevation facing the parking lot for the train station to its northwest. Across the parking lot to the north is Pearl Rivers town square; commercial buildings line its east side. The terrain slopes enough down to the railroad tracks to the west, exposing the post offices foundation on that side. On the other side of the tracks is a large industrial complex.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a one-story, five-by-five-bay steel frame structure with a concrete terrace surrounding the exposed basement portions of the foundation on the west. It consists of a three-bay central pavilion with two recessed one-bay wings on either side. A loading dock with canopy projects from the south into the postal vehicle parking lot. All three sections have a flat roof, with the central pavilion&#39;s slightly higher than the wings. They are faced in brick laid in common bond.</p><br>
<p>A molded cast stone water table surrounds the building at floor level. Windows are 15-over-15 double-hung sash on the pavilion and eight-over-eight on the wings, with cast stone sills. The latter have recessed panels above them. Rooflines are marked by stone coping sheathed in aluminum. On the east facade, facing Main Street, a second entrance for employees was installed in a section with a slight projecting cast stone cornice.</p><br>
<p>On the pavilion facade the windows rest on two cast stone panels. The main entrance between them has a cast stone surround with keystone and denticulated cornice. Above them, large bronze letters spell out "UNITED STATES POST OFFICE PEARL RIVER NEW YORK 10965" in the entablature.</p><br>
<p>Two flights of stone stairs and a wheelchair ramp to the west lead to the main entrance, a glazed modern aluminum door with large single-light transom above. It opens into a wooden vestibule. The lobby takes four of the five bays. It has terrazzo flooring, a tall ceramic tile dado and a foliate plaster cornice. Acoustic tiles cover the original plaster ceiling; modern fluorescent lighting and ceiling fans hang from them.</p><br>
<p>The customer tables and grilles over the teller windows are also original. The teller windows themselves have been combined into one large service window. In the northwest corner is the postmaster&#39;s office; the rear of the building is given over to workspace.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pearl River&#39;s first post office was established in 1872. For most of the rest of the 19th century, it was one of the few buildings in the center of the village on the New York and New Jersey Railroad, later part of the New York and Erie Railroad network. Suburban development began in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>A 1931 amendment to the Public Buildings Act passed by Congress five years earlier authorized the construction of a new post office in Pearl River and many other communities, in order to relieve the economic hardship of the Great Depression. Work did not begin until 1935; it was completed the following year.</p><br>
<p>As with many other post offices built at that time, the design was by Louis A. Simon, Treasury Department Supervising Architect. The Colonial Revival style used was also increasingly standard for post offices in smaller communities of that era. The basic form of the building, its wide central projecting pavilion and narrow wings, is shared by other post offices in New York, including those in Moravia and Watkins Glen.</p><br>
<p>It differs from other post offices in that style and shape by reducing the former to essential elements. Without much decoration, it is identifiable as a Colonial Revival building through the basic symmetry of its arrangement of multi-paned windows and stone entrance surround. The flat roofs, absence of cornices and simple features of the main entrance suggest the influence of the Streamline Moderne and Art Deco movements of the time, which postal architects were increasingly acknowledging in the late 1930s.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, at various times, the loading dock was extended, its canopy added, and the side entrance reconfigured. Inside the original lighting was replaced. Later in the 20th century the wheelchair ramp was added to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. There have been no other changes to the building.</p><br>
<p>In 2005, USA Representative Eliot Engel, whose district includes Pearl River, introduced a bill in Congress to officially rename the post office after Heinz Ahlmeyer, a native who had joined the Marine Corps as a second lieutenant after graduating from SUNY New Paltz. On Ahlmeyer&#39;s first day of service in Vietnam in 1967, leading a Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol unit along the Ho Chi Minh Trail near Khe Sanh, he was reported to have been killed; however, due to heavy small arms fire his body could not be retrieved at that time. They were identified in 2005 and he was buried with full honors at Arlington Cemetery. It became the second Register-listed post office in the county to be named in honor of a deceased local resident, after the 2004 renaming of the Nyack post office in memory of police officers slain in the 1981 Brinks robbery.</p><br>
<p>The John Nagle House, also known as the John Naugle House, is a historic stone house located at 75 Harvard Street in the borough of Closter in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built around 1740 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission . The nomination form lists it as a "rare surviving example of a stone saltbox form".</p><br>
<p>The Van Dien House is located at 627 Grove Street in the village of Ridgewood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the house was built in the last quarter of the 18th century, based on architectural evidence, by a member of the Van Dien family. J. R. Van Dien was living here in 1861, and 1876. L. M. Barnett was living here in 1912. A second level frame section has been added over the stone section.</p><br>
<p>Hiddenhurst is the former estate of businessman Thomas Hidden, on Sheffield Hill Road in the Town of North East, New York, United States, south of the village of Millerton. It is an elaborate frame house built at the beginning of the 20th century in the neo-Georgian architectural style.</p><br>
<p>Hidden created the estate from portions of four dairy farms in the area and used it to breed horses. After his death in 1918, most of the property was acquired by another large dairy farm in the area, which demolished most of the horse-related facilities. The house is considered one of the most architecturally significant in eastern Dutchess County. In 1991 the remaining estate property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is also a contributing property to the Coleman Station Historic District created two years later.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Hiddenhurst is a complex of three buildings on a 44 acre lot on the northside of Sheffield Hill, a half-mile (1 km) west of the Connecticut state line. The lot is sheltered by planted woodlands of copper beech and pine, especially on the north and west sides. It is on a high ridge over Webutuck Creek to the west. The other properties in the area are farms, with much open land offering views into the Harlem Valley to the south and the Taconic Mountains to the north.</p><br>
<p>The main house retains its historic and architectural integrity. To its south is an L-shaped two-story frame hipped-roof clapboard-sided caretakers&#39; house with a gabled wing joined by a breezeway to a garage. At the Northwest corner of the property is a one-story guest house of contemporary shingle design. Neither is considered as contributing to its historic character. To the west is a swimming pool, also non-contributing as it is of more modern construction. A tennis court, pond and a water garden was added on the western side of the property in the 1980s.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The house is a two-story, three-bay clapboard-sided structure with a hipped roof resting on a large plinth block of undressed ashlar masonry. This foundation also supports a wooden veranda that completely surrounds it. It is bounded with a balustrade featured paneled corner columns and balusters with extremely narrow necks compared to their bellies. Trellised entrances supported by paired Corinthian columns break it on the east and west sides.</p><br>
<p>At the center of the south (front) facade, the balustrade is broken by the large projecting entrance portico. Steps lead up to a deck with paired fluted columns with Tuscan capitals supporting a projecting architrave with a paneled underside. Above it a Corinthian entablature is surmounted by a modillioned block cornice. A balustrade similar to the one on the veranda runs around the portico roof.</p><br>
<p>On the facade, the columns are complemented by two fluted Corinthian pilasters. Between them is the main entrance, a leaded half-glass door with quarter pilasters and sidelights topped by an elliptical transom above a small cornice of ogee and drillwork molding with a volute keystone. The stained glass in the transom is supported by Adamesque cames with haunched panels above. Atop this whole entrance is a balcony with a balustrade similar to the others. A double door framed by a similar treatment to the main entrance below gives access.</p><br>
<p>French doors in the other two bays round out the fenestration on the first story, with eight-over-one double-hung sash windows above in projecting moldings. Quoins interrupt the clapboard at the corners, with the whole facade topped by a frieze with egg-and-dart and dentil molding running continuously around the house, as does the modillioned block cornice at the roofline. The roof, topped by a balustrade of stick balusters and topped finial posts, is pierced by three brick chimneys and three gabled dormer windows.</p><br>
<p>The chimneys are intricately decorated. They rise as blind arches with stone imposts and keystones to a seven-course corbel projects in and out. Above it the brick is recessed into a narrow panel, and a narrow capstone tops the chimney. The dormers have round-arched windows topped with keystones.</p><br>
<p>The east and west facades are almost identical, with similar treatments to the south. They have the same quoins, frieze and cornice surrounding their three bays, with just two gabled dormers piercing the roof. On the east side the bay corresponding to the service room of the house has slightly different, smaller casement windows instead of a French door. The north (rear) face of the house is similar to the south but with more restrained decoration. A one-story pantry wing projects, with paneled pilasters at its corners.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Inside the house follows a double pile central hall plan. On the first floor the dining room and service area are on the east with the drawing room and parlor on the west. All are decorated in different styles.</p><br>
<p>Tuscan columns and pilasters divide the hallway into a vestibule, central circulation and stair area. A common cornice with bead and reel molded cornice set off by a simple chair rail and dado paneling unites all areas. Decoration continues above the cornice with cyma recta moldings in egg-and-dart and Greek fret and foliated patterns below carved modillions on the cornice. Above the cornice is a triple fascia. The rooms are entered through portals with sliding doors. Each is surrounded by a shouldered architrave and topped with a projecting molded cornice surrounded by foliate consoles.</p><br>
<p>The living room is done in a vaguely Adamesque style. The room side of the portal echoes in wood the design done in plaster on the hallway side. Plaster paneled sgraffito walls rise to a restrained cornice and coffered ceiling. The drawing room is finished in an extravagant rococo mode with extensive pargeting.</p><br>
<p>On the east side, the dining room cornice matches that in the hall, while the ceiling pargeting is a series of bands of various foliate motifs. Its fireplace features a double mantelpiece and oversized Ionic columns. The open cantilevered spiral staircase is balustraded with simple turnings contrasting with an intricate foliate carving on the step area of the stringer. It rises to a dome with curved triangular coffers separated by olive branch carvings and a stained glass window in the oculus depicting hollyhock festoons.</p><br>
<p>Upstairs are the bedrooms. Generally more subdued, they are distinguished by their fireplaces. Each is in a different style, from Classical to Queen Anne. The bathrooms have their original tile, with decorative bands under bull-nosed caps. The third floor, designed as three servants&#39; quarters and three guest rooms, is plain except for an elliptical room done in varnished matchboard. There is an attic and widows walk above.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Hidden, a New York City businessman who had made his fortune in paint manufacture and real estate, assembled all or part of four dairy farms in the Coleman Station area in 1903. He then retired to the 450 acre estate and built the house.</p><br>
<p>For the horses, he built a half-mile (1 km) indoor training track and large stable complex. He also continued to produce milk as well. The house, whose architect is unknown, but is considered the most architecturally significant in the Harlem Valley. It epitomizes the earlier stage of the Georgian Revival, with its close adherence to classical models and proportions.</p><br>
<p>After Hiddens death in 1918, the house was eventually sold to Sheffield Farms, a large corporate farm that would become by the middle of the century one of New York Citys largest providers of milk. Shortly before Sheffield became part of Sealtest in the 1950s, the stable and track burned down. The estate, formerly 410 acres, has been subdivided down to the 44 acre on which the house sits today.</p><br>
<p>It remains a private home. In the early 1970s an old brick farmhouse and carriage house on the estate that Hidden had kept were demolished by the then-owners, and the original Scomozzi capitals on the front portico&#39;s entrance columns were replaced with the current Tuscan ones. Other than the changes to the carriage house, those have been the only significant changes to the property.</p><br>
<p>W. H. Shipman House is a historic home used by William Herbert Shipman. It is located at 141 Kaiulani Street, named for Princess Kaiulani, the last crown princess of the Kingdom and Liliuokalani&#39;s niece.</p><br>
<p>In 1856 King Kamehameha IV leased an area known as Kolo iki to William Reed for cattle pasture. In 1861 Reed purchased the 26 acre and it came to be known as "Reed&#39;s Island". It is not really an island, but the area between a current and ancient channel of the Wailuku River.</p><br>
<p>J. R. "Jack" Wilson owned Volcano Stables, a horse rental business at the current site of the historic Volcano Block Building in Hilo. In 1899 after an iron bridge was completed, Wilson bought a 8 acre lot with a view on Reed&#39;s island and built a large house in the Victorian architecture style.</p><br>
<p>In February 1901 William Shipman bought the house to entertain guests in the growing city of Hilo.</p><br>
<p>Deposed Queen Liliuokalani would play her compositions at the grand piano when she was visiting.</p><br>
<p>Author Jack London and his wife stayed at this house for five weeks in August and September 1907, while his boat The Snark was being repaired. London&#39;s book The Cruise of the Snark (1911) is based on this journey.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1930s, Cecil B. DeMille filmed Four Frightened People in the gulch below the house, as well as on the Shipman land in Puna. In 1939 artist Georgia O&#39;Keeffe stayed and was shown various sites that appeared in her paintings.</p><br>
<p>The Hilo house was listed on the state register of historic places on December 5, 1973, as site 10-35-7405, and the National Register of Historic Places listings on the island of Hawaii on June 23, 1978, as site 78001013.</p><br>
<p>Barbara-Ann Andersen (daughter of Roy Shipman Blackshear, a great-granddaughter of W. H. Shipman) restored the house and operated it for roughly 20 years starting in 1997 as a bed and breakfast hotel.</p><br>
<p>The George W. Marston House  is a museum and historic landmark in Balboa Park in San Diego, California. It is maintained by Save Our Heritage Organisation .</p><br>
<h2>House</h2><br>
<p>The George W. Marston House is located in Balboa Park in San Diego, California. The home spans 8,500 ft&sup2; and is surrounded by five acres of lawns and gardens. Completed in 1905, the house is considered a prime example of architecture from the Arts and Crafts Movement. Home to George White Marston (1850–1946) and his wife, Anna Gunn Marston (1853–1940), the three-story house and gardens were a lively family home, where two of the five Marston children were married and the eldest lived out her life. The house was designed and built by renowned architects William Sterling Hebbard and Irving Gill. Inside the house, the rooms are furnished with a variety of different pieces designed by renowned Gustav Stickley, L. & J.G. Stickley, and Charles Limbert. Other notable furnishings are the Gill, Mead & Requa furniture and the plein air art exhibit featuring paintings by artists Alfred Mitchell, Maurice Braun and Charles Fries. Many of the family&#39;s original items are still on display at the museum.</p><br>
<p>According to the Marston House general release, "the family lived on two floors plus an attic. On the first floor, redwood-paneled rooms unfold off a wide hallway, which narrows to include a bench built into the staircase. The living room and adjoining oak-paneled dining room open onto the south terrace and overlook the lawn and canyon. Including the second floor’s north wing, the house has six bedrooms, a sleeping porch and four baths."</p><br>
<p>The Marston House was converted into a museum in 1987 after the Marston family gave the house to the City of San Diego. It is currently maintained by Save Our Heritage Organisation (SOHO), which runs the museum and the shop located in the carriage house on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>The Marston house gardens were initially designed in 1905 by landscape gardener George Cooke. The house and gardens were upgraded during the late 1920s. Hale Walker, from the landscape architectural firm of John Nolen Cambridge, Massachusetts, redesigned the grounds and in particular the rear formal garden which coincided with the Marstons’ 50th wedding anniversary. The garden spans over 5 acres with lush exotic and native trees, shrubs, vines and flowers. The Marstons also acquired plants and landscaping ideas from their friend noted pioneer horticulturist Kate O. Sessions, as well as local San Diego nurserymen. Some of the plants found in the garden at its prime and still extant today are: Pinus canariensis Canary Island Pines, Eucalyptus, and Quercus agrifolia California Oaks, Ceanothus leucodermis, wild lilacs, Solandra guttata Mexican Cup of Gold vines and Queen Elizabeth roses, daughter Mary Marstons favorite. Many of the original plants survive and Save Our Heritage Organisation is restoring other features of the garden as well. The geranium, a flower considered to represent the legacy of George Marson and the Marston House, also makes an appearance in the garden. (During Marston&#39;s two unsuccessful campaigns for mayor of San Diego, the difference between him and his pro-growth opponent was characterized as "smokestacks vs. geraniums".)</p><br>
<h2>George Marston</h2><br>
<p>George Marston was a department store owner and a prominent civic leader in San Diego. He was a founder of the San Diego Historical Society (now the San Diego History Center). He may be best known for preserving the site of the San Diego Presidio, the first European settlement in present-day California, which had fallen into ruins. He bought the site in 1907, built a private historical park in 1925, and donated it to the city in 1929. Presidio Park is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>He owned the Marston department store, created after he split the store business with his partner Hamilton; Hamilton taking the grocery side of the firm and Marston taking the dry goods departments. The Marston Company became the only major department store in San Diego, and was located downtown. Its success was due to exclusive business arrangements Marston made with several suppliers. He became quite wealthy and was a generous philanthropist in the city. He later opened a store in Mission Valley called "Marcie&#39;s" named after his daughter. The Marston department store, at 5th Avenue and C Street, was owned by the family until they sold it in 1961 to The Broadway Stores. It has since closed.</p><br>
<p>The Enid Armory was located in Enid, Oklahoma and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1988. The two-story building was constructed in 1936 as a Works Progress Administration project. It was the third largest Armory in Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>Of the WPA-built armories in Oklahoma, the Enid Armory was the only one utilizing red brick in its construction.</p><br>
<p>The first Enid Armory was constructed in 1925 at Phillips University. The 189th Field Artillery Regiment of the Oklahoma National Guard was stationed at Phillips from 1921 to 1936. On July 7, 1933, Clyde and Buck Barrow broke into the armory, stealing a cache of weapons and ammunition and a pair of binoculars. Their take was so large it filled their car, causing seating difficulty, and overflowed from the bathtub they&#39;d used as storage.</p><br>
<p>Enid Armory.jpgA front view of the Enid Armory.</p><br>
<p>Enid Armory 45th insignia.jpgInsignia for Oklahoma 45th on the front of the building.</p><br>
<p>Enid Armory Plaque.jpgA plaque adorns the side of the entrance featuring two crossed cannons, and reads "Colonel William A. Graves, Commanding."</p><br>
<p>Enid Armory Cornerstone.jpgThe cornerstone for the Enid Armory reads: "State Armory, built by Works Progress Administration 1936, W.S. Key, State Administrator.</p><br>
<p>The William Goadby Loew House is a mansion located at 56 East 93rd Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed in 1931 for William Goadby Loew, a stockbroker. It was designed by Walker & Gillette in the English Regency style. Formerly known as the Smithers Alcoholism Center, the Spence School&#39;s Lower School is now located there.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located beside the former Mrs. Graham Fair Vanderbilt House at 60 East 93rd Street.</p><br>
<p>The Blauvelt House  is a historic house and farm complex located at 20 Zukor Road in New City, Rockland County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Built in, it includes the farmhouse with attached smokehouse, a large barn, a utility shop, a privy, and a woodshed. Blauvelet&#39;s descendants lived in the house until 1970, when it was acquired by the. The property is owned by the Historical Society of Rockland County and operated as a seasonal museum and cultural center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 28, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Blauvelt House along with DeWint House in Tappan and Stony Point Battlefield in Stony Point are the only places in Rockland County designated as New York State "" sites.</p><br>
<p>Contempora House is a historic home located at New City in Rockland County, New York. It is a Streamline Moderne style dwelling built in 1934–1935. The property consists of the main house with detached studio. The buildings are constructed of concrete and cinderblock with steel and wood framing and a stucco exterior. It was designed by architect and planner Paul Lester Wiener .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Highbank Park Works  is a complex of earthworks and a potential archaeological site located within Highbanks Metro Park in Central Ohio in the United States. The park is in southernmost Delaware County on the east bank of the Olentangy River. The site is a semi-elliptical embankment, consisting of four sections, each 3 ft high, and bordered by a shallow ditch. Two ravines and a 100-foot-high shale bluff surround the earthworks. It is thought to have been constructed sometime between 800 and 1300 CE by members of the Cole culture. The earthworks have seen little disturbance since the first white settlement of the region; agriculture has never been practiced on their vicinity, and no significant excavation has ever been conducted at the site. One small excavation and field survey, conducted in 1951, yielded a few pieces of pottery and flakes of flint from a small midden. Another excavation was conducted in 2011 that focused mainly on site usage and constructing a timeline for the mounds.</p><br>
<p>The Highbank Park Works is one of several wall-and-ditch earthworks in central Ohio. Unlike Highbank, most of these complexes are known to be the work of people of the Hopewell tradition; however, the similarity between the works of the Hopewell and Cole peoples has led archaeologists to propose that the Cole were descended from the Hopewell. New research on the Cole culture suggests this was not a separate peoples, but in fact part of the larger Hopewell group.</p><br>
<p>Also located in Highbank Park are two subconical Adena era mounds. These two mounds are known as the Highbanks Park Mound I (also known as the Muma Mound) and Highbanks Park Mound II (also known as the Orchard Mound or the Selvey Mound). The two mounds are not located within the embankment, but are about 0.5 and 1 mile away.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the Highbank Park Works were listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of their archaeological significance. Three other Delaware County archaeological sites are listed on the Register: the Ufferman Site, the site of a former Cole village; the Highbanks Park Mounds, and the Adena Spruce Run Earthworks.</p><br>
<p>The Roberts House is a historic building in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is designated as a historic residential landmark/farmstead by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation. The Greater Canonsburg Heritage Society erected a historical marker near the house, which is the last remaining structure from Jefferson College.</p><br>
<p>The history of the building can be traced back to the founder of Canonsburg, Colonel John Canon, and Reverend John McMillan, the founder of Jefferson College. Over the 200 years since it was built, the building was sold numerous times, including to the adjacent Jefferson College or someone connected to the college. A joint effort between the Washington County Cultural Trust and the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation was developed in 2006. While the effort gained some governmental grants, progress has stalled.</p><br>
<p>Progress has been kickstarted again with the election of new officers and trustees in the year 2022. Rehabilitation of this historic asset is now underway hopes of completion in 2025.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The original wooden 2-story portion of the building was 18 ft by 22 ft. It was small, but in keeping with the other homes in the area. As of the Federal Direct Tax of 1798, which taxed windows, the building had 78 lights of glass across seven windows.</p><br>
<p>Other additions, built from stone, were added at later times.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The property upon which the Roberts House currently sits, Lot 11, was part of the original grant of land to the founder of Canonsburg, Colonel John Canon. By 1798, John Watson, the Jefferson College professor who would become the first college president, was residing there. The property was then purchased by its namesake John Roberts in 1803. He operated a store there.</p><br>
<p>A series of quick sales ensued: the property was sold to Abraham Lattimore 1815, then to Washington lawyer Joseph Pentecost in 1817, then to David Hoge in 1819, and to Alexander Short in 1829. Short operated a store in the home, but lost the property in a sheriff&#39;s sale in 1832, where it ended up in the hands of John K. Wilson. In 1840, Wilson exchanged the property with President of Jefferson College Matthew Brown for 5 lots in Washington plus a token $1. Brown immediately deeded the property to Jefferson College. For a time, it was occupied by William Smith, who was Professor of Greek and vice-president of Jefferson College. After the merger of Jefferson College with nearby Washington College, the property was owned by Jefferson Academy. In 1882, the academy sold the property to John Boon, who used it as a private residence. By 1894, the occupants were "maiden-lady school teachers" Bettie and Natalie Snyder, the daughters of Henry Snyder, who was a professor at Jefferson College. Other occupants included Catherine Munnell Croker, who was a piano teacher and organist at the First Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and restoration efforts</h2><br>
<p>The Roberts House was studied by architectural historian Charles Morse Stotz in his 1936 book The Architectural Heritage of Early Western Pennsylvania. The details of the Roberts House recorded in the book served as the blueprints for other restoration efforts.</p><br>
<p>An architectural survey of Washington County was conducted in 1970–71 on behalf of the Washington County Commissioners, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, the Southwestern Pennsylvania Economic Development District, and the Washington-Green County Tourist Promotion Agency, with professional supervision provided by Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation. The survey, which included the Roberts House, provided the basis for having the property listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. A survey was performed by an architectural consultant in 1981.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, Washington County Cultural Trust (WCCT) and the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation entered into a plan to restore the property as a regional arts center. As part of plan, Andrew J. Tarnik, a trustee of Washington County Cultural Trust, purchased the property in December 2006 and sold it to the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation. The damage, which was estimated at $15,000 to $20,000, included the destruction of a priceless cherry bentwood stair railing and an antique mirror.</p><br>
<p>During Halloween 2009, Canonsburg history buffs led a Haunted History Walk through the borough as a fundraiser for the restoration projects. In 2009, the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development distributed $218,567 in revenue generated by The Meadows Racetrack and Casino towards the renovation project.</p><br>
<p>The Washington County Cultural Trust&#39;s tax-exempt status was automatically revoked by the Internal Revenue Service on October 7, 2011, with an effective date of May 15, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Hippodrome Theatre or Wabash Theatre is a historic theater in Terre Haute, Indiana, USA.</p><br>
<p>Theater manager Theodore W. Barhydt decided to build a theater in the area and enlisted the help of noted theater architect John Eberson to design the building. The German Renaissance structure officially opened on February 15, 1915, with a grand opening celebration attended by local dignitaries such as Indiana governor Samuel M. Ralston and vaudeville moguls like Joseph M. Finn, Marcus Heiman, and Asher Levy.</p><br>
<p>The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Highbanks Metropolitan Park Mounds I and II  are two archaeological sites located within Highbanks Metro Park in Central Ohio in the United States. The park is in southernmost Delaware County on the east bank of the Olentangy River. The subconical mounds are believed to have been built by the Adena culture.</p><br>
<p>Also located in the park is a semi-elliptical embankment, the Highbank Park Works, which consists of four three-foot-high sections bordered by a shallow ditch. It is thought to have been constructed sometime between 800 and 1300 CE by members of the Cole culture.</p><br>
<p>The site was surveyed by Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis in 1846. They discuss the site in their 1848 book, Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley.</p><br>
<p>The East Washington Historic District is a historic district in East Washington, Pennsylvania that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is designated as a historic district by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the Washington County History and Landmarks Foundation succeeded in having a section of East Washington consisting of 120 Victorian houses added to the National Register of Historic Places. Washington & Jefferson College was opposed to the designation, but filed an objection too late in the proceedings. At issue was the college&#39;s plan to expand eastward towards the Wade Avenue area, a plan that was developed in the 1968 "Master Plan." Since then, the college has had a policy of purchasing homes in that area when they become available. The college has purchased and demolished a number of buildings listed in the historic district, including 308, 314 and 322 E. Wheeling Street, which made way for the Burnett Center. A 140-year-old farm house at 137 South Wade Street was acquired by the college in 1977 after being vacant for several years and moved to a new location. As of 1995, the college owned about 30 properties listed in the historic district.</p><br>
<p>Sauer Buildings Historic District, located between 607 and 717 Center Avenue in Aspinwall, Pennsylvania, consists of a group of buildings designed and built by Frederick C. Sauer from 1898 until his death in 1942. This historic district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 11, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1898, Frederick Sauer bought a hillside tract of land in Aspinwall, Pennsylvania, and built a home for himself and his family. This house was designed in "conventional fashion out of ordinary Kittanning brick on a four-square Colonial Revival footprint." Sauer was an architect by trade, and he designed about a dozen Catholic churches in the Pittsburgh area, most of which were fashioned in some variation of Romanesque Revival style.</p><br>
<p>After many years of designing buildings to suit the wants and needs of his public, Sauer constructed a group of buildings for his own amusement on his plot of land in Aspinwall. He began to construct rental properties, acting as his own designer, mason, bricklayer, and carpenter. After this eccentric building, he gradually transformed his wooded hillside into an architectural fantasy, and a complex of castlesque buildings and landscape features in Fantastic architectural style took shape and was progressively added to by Sauer until his death in 1942.</p><br>
<h2>Reception</h2><br>
<p>"It is the most bizarre collection of buildings in Western Pennsylvania," says Franklin Toker, professor of art and architecture at the University of Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<p>"This fantastic group of buildings constructed by a local architect in the later years of his life is possibly unique in Pittsburgh." – James D. Van Trump and Arthur P. Ziegler, Jr.</p><br>
<p>"Sauer really seems to have made one of those odd essays in personal expression in building that turn up now and then in some otherwise-staid part of the world." – Walter C. Kidney</p><br>
<p>The Oliver Barrett House is located on Reagan Road in the Town of North East, New York, United States, south of the village of Millerton. It is a frame farmhouse built in the mid-19th century, possibly on the site or with materials from another, older house. In the early 20th century it underwent substantial renovations, particularly of its interior. Later in the century it was subdivided into rental units, a conversion reversed by more recent owners.</p><br>
<p>It combines the Federal and Queen Anne architectural styles. Barrett, a successful farmer who became the first postmaster of the small rural hamlet in the area. It has been a contributing property to the Coleman Station Historic District since that was created in 1991, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in its own right in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house is north of the three-way intersection of Coleman Station, Reagan and Sheffield Hill roads, just east of the Harlem Valley Rail Trail and a mile (1.6 km) west of the Connecticut state line. It sits near the bottom of the topographical bowl that forms Coleman Station, on an 11.8 acre parcel, mostly clear with some mature trees clustered south of the house, on the east side of the road. The surrounding land is gently rolling, with the house on a small rise that drops to a small pond in the rear formed by a tributary of Webutuck Creek.</p><br>
<p>Opposite the creek the ground rises sharply again to Hiddenhurst, the early 20th-century retirement estate of Thomas Hidden, now itself listed on the National Register as well. To the south, across Sheffield Hill Road, are some former worker housing from the former Sheffield Farm dairy complex nearby. Across Reagan Road, to the northwest of the property, is the Victorian Arthur Peck House, another contributing property to the district. The land to the southwest, across the rail trail, rises sharply into a woodlot.</p><br>
<p>There are four resources on the property, two buildings and two sites. The house and the sites of an original barn and silo, as well as that of the post office which served Coleman Station for a century, are considered contributing resources to the National Register listing. The garage, built around 1989, is not.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The main block of the house is a two-story, five-bay structure of hand-hewn heavy timber frame on a foundation of concrete and stone. It is sided in weatherboard and topped with an asphalt side-gabled roof with slightly overhanging eave pierced by two brick chimneys. There is a projecting rear wing with extensions.</p><br>
<p>A wraparound porch with wooden guardrail and a flat roof supported by round wooden columns runs the length of the west and south elevations. A set of wooden steps lead up to the centrally located main entrance. Above it at the roofline is a pediment with a small casement window. All the other windows are double-hung sash with louvered shutters. The three-bay north and south elevations have a double window at the attic level, with the lower story windows slightly offset to the east and a smaller window between the two on the second story. Fenestration on the rear is asymmetrical and irregular.</p><br>
<p>The kitchen wing, attached at the northeast, is a full two stories. From it another wing of one and a half stories projects further east. Both have identical treatments to the main block. At the east end of the second wing&#39;s north elevation there is an entrance with small porch.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>At the main entrance, an oak paneled door with original beveled glass opens into a wide center hallway, floored in wide oak strips, with a large oak staircase. A paneled door on the north leads to a small parlor, with large double pocket doors leading to a larger parlor and another small single pocket door opening into a large mourning room. In both of these rooms the oak strips on the floor are arranged in a pattern of concentric rectangles. A double pocket door separates them. On the south wall of the parlor is a brick fireplace, built later, with original wooden mantelpiece. The windows have heavy oak trim, raised panels beneath them and a beveled-edge mirror between the two on the west wall.</p><br>
<p>The room on the north side of the hall has a brick corner fireplace with an oak mantel and beveled mirror above. One of the original cranes remains in the fireplace. Flooring is medium-width oak strip original to the house.</p><br>
<p>On the south side of the central hall, is another double pocket door leading to the dining room and a small closet built into the paneling below the stairs. All doors on the central hallway have raised panels and brass hardware original to the early 20th century, when they were installed. A door leads from this room to the dining room, in the rear wing.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance to the dining room is the pair of pocket doors at the east end of the center hall. It has diagonal maple-strip flooring and an oak and glass china cupboard. The south wall has an exterior door of oak paneling with a beveled glass window, flanked by two large windows with raised panels below.</p><br>
<p>Another door leads into the kitchen wing, which includes a full bathroom and pantry, the latter now used as a laundry room. It is floored in large terra cotta tiles. An original staircase, with rounded pine handrail and square newels and balusters leads upstairs.</p><br>
<p>The second floor is laid out similarly to the first, on a center hall plan. Its hallway turns toward the rear to access the backstairs to the attic, with risers slightly steeper than those on the other stairs. There is a small kitchenette in the south room. Many doors are original, with one having an original thumb latch. The floor is wideboard pine, most of it original.</p><br>
<p>In the basement, under the entire house except for the rear extension, the original hand-hewn timber is visible. The beams below the front parlor with the corner fireplace are half-round with bark still attached, and the walls there mortared-over stone instead of the concrete elsewhere in the basement. The heavy board-and-batten doors between the three rooms and their hardware are original. The sub-flooring under the parlor and mourning room runs on a diagonal to support the unusual pattern above it.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Although its own origins are murky, the Barrett House&#39;s history is intertwined with the development of Coleman Station from a remote farm community in the early days of settlement to a dairy production center today. Its existence and renovation correspond with changes in its community.</p><br>
<h3>1808–1853: Development of Barrett farms</h3><br>
<p>The Barrett names presence in Coleman Station dates formally to 1808, when Caleb Dakin, the son of an early landowner in the area, sold 50 acre to his son-in-law Ezra Barrett. When Ezra died in 1819, his daughter Rhoda inherited more land and an interest in her fathers estate. Ezra also bought land from two other farmers in the area, increasing the total landholding to over 150 acre at its greatest extent.</p><br>
<p>Oliver Barrett, born in 1819, was the youngest of the couples five children. He grew up and became a successful farmer, eventually becoming one of the largest producers of fluid milk in an area gradually transitioning from diverse animal farming to dairy farming. In the late 1840s the New York and Harlem Railroad, the states first, was built through the area. A neighbor, John Wheeler, petitioned the Post Office to open a branch in the area, then known as Oblong due to its location in a thus-shaped region at the center of colonial-era land dispute between New York and Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>In 1853 the post office was designated. Ten months later Barrett was appointed its first postmaster. He served in the position for 14 years, during which he was also a local justice of the peace.</p><br>
<h3>1853–1915: First version of house</h3><br>
<p>Barrett married his first wife, Catherine Hornfager, in late 1854, a year after assuming the postmasters responsibilities. It is believed the house was built sometime before his wedding, though its origins are unclear. Local tax maps do not show a house at the location until 1867, but the houses initial architectural style, combining a basic Federal appearance with some late Greek Revival touches, strongly suggests a construction date prior to the Civil War. It would have been common for a prosperous young farmer to move into a new house with his bride at the time of their wedding, as well.</p><br>
<p>The houses interior suggests either the expansion or reconstruction of an existing house, possibly after a fire. The first storys corner fireplace, and the stone foundation beneath one of the parlors, may be the remnants of an older, prior structure. It has also been suggested that a smaller house elsewhere was moved to the current site and used as the basis for an expanded house.</p><br>
<p>A railroad station was built nearby in the late 1860s. It would eventually lead to the area being known as Colemans Station after Amasa Coleman, the local entrepreneur who lobbied what was by then the New York Central Railroad for a station that could serve the dairy farmers primarily, since the Sharon station several miles to the south was handling both their produce and passenger traffic from wealthy summer vacationers heading to and from New York City and the town of the same name across the state line. In 1872 the Post Office officially changed the name of the local office to Colemans Station from Oblong.</p><br>
<p>Oliver Barrett resumed the postmasters duties with the name change. His wife had died two years earlier, so he remarried. Julia Elizabeth Pulver became his wife in 1874. His son Ezra Lathrop Barrett, known professionally as E. Lathrop Barrett, became the railroads station agent, a job complementary to his father&#39;s. Barrett would remain postmaster until retiring in 1892. He came out of retirement in 1895 and served until his death the following year.</p><br>
<p>The next year Rhoda Louise Barrett bought out her siblings share of the estate. They sold a small parcel of land across the street to Arthur Peck, a businessman who owned a tavern in nearby Millerton, by then established as the commercial and civil center of the Town of North East. The deed allowed him to build a house on the property but prohibited him from building another tavern in Coleman Stations small commercial area around the rail depot.</p><br>
<h3>1915–present: Renovations and conversions</h3><br>
<p>Rhoda married the following year. Her new husband, Howard Schutt, became postmaster in 1908. He held this job for another ten years. Near the end of that period, in 1915, they embarked on a substantial renovation of the family homestead. Many of their changes were in the last phases of the Victorian styles, particularly the Queen Anne style. The wraparound porch was added to the exterior, and much of the current interior was remodeled in this style at that time.</p><br>
<p>Starting in the 1920s, the Schutts began to break up the farm. Eventually all but 55 acre was sold to Sheffield Farms, a large corporate farm that had acquired all or most of some of the surrounding family farms. It would, by the middle of the century, become one of New York City&#39;s largest suppliers of milk.</p><br>
<p>After Rhodas death in 1941, the farm and house were sold to a Meyer Sutter. He in turn sold to William Greenberg in 1947, who sold it to Stanley Duncan, husband of a descendant of another nearby 19th century farmer. At some point afterwards, the house was converted into a three-unit rental property and more land sold until the land reached its present size and was no longer used as a farm. The Post Office closed the Coleman Station post office in 1954, and the only remaining barn and silo from the original farm burned down sometime before 1970. The remains of both are the propertys other two contributing resources.</p><br>
<p>In 1986 the Duncan family sold the house again. The new owners restored it to single-family use. In 1990 they added the mourning room fireplace and a third chimney, and the pond west of the house. There have been no other changes made to the house and property since then.</p><br>
<p>The Heritage Park Plaza, also known as Heritage Plaza or Heritage Park Overlook or Upper Heritage Park, in Fort Worth, Texas is a Modernist style park that was designed by Lawrence Halprin. The listed area is a 1/2 acre portion of the 112 acre Heritage Park. It is located at the northern edge of downtown Fort Worth and northwest of the Tarrant County Courthouse. The park lies at the original location where in the Spring of 1849, Major Ripley Arnold of the United States Army established a military post that became Fort Worth. The park opened on April 18, 1980.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>Heritage Park Plaza is a public park in downtown Fort Worth, Texas designed by the internationally acclaimed architect Lawrence Halprin (1916-2009). The plaza design incorporates a set of interconnecting rooms constructed of concrete and activated throughout by flowing water walls, channels, and pools. Halprin later used this technique for the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, DC. This park represents one of Halprin&#39;s most significant projects and embodies his mature theories and philosophy of landscape design.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on May 10, 2010. The listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of May 21, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The park has been closed because of safety concerns. The 2014 City of Fort Worth bond vote approved $1.5 million for repairs. Additional private funding has been secured. The plaza is expected to reopen in 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Leftwich House is a historic house in Greenville, Ohio, United States. Built in 1875, the house features a combination of the Italianate</p><br>
<p>Unfortunately, as of May 2021, the house has fallen into disrepair, with shutters hanging askew or missing, the exposed wood is noticeably rotting and exterior paint peeling and bubbled all over.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s floor plan is unusual; its four-bay western facade is divided between two components of two bays each; through the northern component, one may enter the house through a Victorian front door. An Eastlake porch shelters the rear door that opens onto the protruding kitchen, and various eaves elsewhere on the exterior form separate cornices, each of which is composed of brackets and a frieze. Covering the house is a hip roof, which consists primarily of shingles.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Leftwich House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its excellent architecture. Although the house&#39;s history included no distinctive events or residents, its architecture was rare enough to qualify it for listing.</p><br>
<p>The Kaneohe Ranch Building at Castle Junction, where the Pali Highway , Kamehameha Highway , and Kalanianaole Highway  intersect on the windward side of Oahu, was built in 1940 to be the headquarters of Kaneohe Ranch, which owned 12,000 acre of surrounding land and played a major role in the history of Kāneohe and Kailua. The building is significant both for its association with the Ranch and for its Hawaiian style architecture designed by Albert Ely Ives . Ives&#39; other work on the windward side includes Plantation Estate which is the Winter White House of Barack Obama. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 5 June 1987.</p><br>
<p>The building exhibits key features of the style of Hawaiian architecture that developed during the 1920s and 1930s: the double-pitched Dickey roof with overhanging eaves, plaster-covered masonry walls, and ample cross-ventilation. Its architect was best known for his residential work; this is one of his few commercial buildings.</p><br>
<p>During the mid-19th century, most of the land in the area belonged to Kalama, Queen Consort of Kamehameha III and later Queen Dowager of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She and Judge Charles Coffin Harris began a sugarcane plantation on the land, but after she died in 1870 and it failed in 1871, the land eventually passed to Harris&#39;s daughter, Nannie H. Rice, who in 1893 leased 15,000 acre to J. P. Mendonca, who founded Kaneohe Ranch in 1894. Lower-lying wetlands were leased to Chinese rice farmers. In 1907 James Bicknell Castle became the principal stockholder of the Ranch, and 1917 his son, Harold K.L. Castle, purchased the land from Mrs. Rice. Most of the land was used for cattle-ranching until World War II, when the military took over much of it. After the war, former ranch lands have provided room for ever expanding residential subdivisions.</p><br>
<p>The Lansdowne House is a historic house in Greenville, Ohio, United States. Built in 1870, as Shenandoahs skipper, he was killed in its crash on September 3, 1925.</p><br>
<p>Architecturally, the Lansdowne House is unremarkable. It is a simple two-story rectangular frame structure, topped with a shingled roof and supported by a foundation of limestone.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the Lansdowne House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified to be added to the Register because of its connection to Zachary Lansdowne.</p><br>
<p>The Frank Senour Round Barn, also known as the Crandell Barn, is a round barn in the vicinity of Blackhawk, Vigo County, Indiana, about 13 miles south of Terre Haute.</p><br>
<p>For its agricultural and architectural significance, the barn was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 as part of a Round and Polygonal Barns of Indiana Multiple Listing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The barn was built in 1905 by Frank Senour, who was impressed with the efficiency of similar barns in nearby Illinois. In 1922 a tornado damaged the barn&#39;s original cupola; the roof was patched but the cupola was not rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>Since 1972 the barn has been owned and maintained by the Crandell family.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The barn is a true circular barn with no angles in its circumference. It has red vertical siding and a conical roof with four small dormers. It was built in 1905 during a time when round barns were promoted as models of efficiency, since the circular shape has a greater volume-to-surface ratio than a square shaped barn. Farmers could also work in a continuous direction, saving time and labor.</p><br>
<p>The Henry P. Davison House is a mansion located at 690 Park Avenue and 69th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was constructed for the banker Henry P. Davison in 1917 by Walker & Gillette in the Neo-Georgian style.</p><br>
<p>The home was the site of Davisons daughter Alices wedding to Artemus Gates in January 1922. It was later leased by Marshall Field as his New York residence. In 1925, Davison&#39;s widow sold the house to Anson Wood Burchard. The price was not disclosed at the time, but it had been assessed at $530,000 in 1923. After his death in 1927, it was the home his widow, the former socialite Allene Tew, who married German aristocrat Prince Heinrich, 33rd of Reuss in 1929 and used the home as their New York residence. It was later acquired by Harry Payne Bingham, who lived there with his third wife, Melissa Williams Yuille. Since 1952, the building has been the location of the Consulate General of Italy.</p><br>
<h3>Landmark status</h3><br>
<p>The House was designated a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1970. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Davison House is the northern terminus of the group of neo-Federal townhouses along the west side of Park, including the Percy R. Pyne House at 680 Park Avenue (today the home of the Americas Society) and the Oliver D. Filley House at 684 Park Avenue (now the Queen Sofía Spanish Institute).</p><br>
